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Affirming that the rules of customary international law will continue to
govern questions not regulated by the provisions of the present Convention,
...
ARTICLE-2: Use of terms [go to this ARTICLE]
... (d) “'reservation”' means a unilateral statement,
however phrased or named, made by a State, when signing,
ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty,
whereby it purports to exclude or to modify the legal
effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to
that State; ...
... 2. The provisions of paragraph 1 regarding the use of terms
in the present Convention are without prejudice to the
use of those terms or to the meanings which may be given
to them in the internal law of any State.
...
ARTICLE-17: Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice
of differing provisions [go to this ARTICLE]
...
2. The consent of a State to be bound by a treaty which
permits a choice between differing provisions is effective
only if it is made clear to which of the provisions the
consent relates. ...
...
2. The consent of a State to be bound by a treaty which
permits a choice between differing provisions is effective
only if it is made clear to which of the provisions the
consent relates. ...
ARTICLE-21: Legal effects of reservations and of objections
to reservations [go to this ARTICLE]
... (a) modifies for the reserving State in its relations with
that other party the provisions of the treaty to which
the reservation relates to the extent of the reservation;
and ...
... (b) modifies those provisions to the same extent for that
other party in its relations with the reserving State. ...
... 2. The reservation does not modify the provisions of the treaty
for the other parties to the treaty inter se.
...
...
3. When a State objecting to a reservation has not opposed
the entry into force of the treaty between itself and
the reserving State, the provisions to which the reservation
relates do not apply as between the two States to the
extent of the reservation. ...
ARTICLE-24: Entry into force [go to this ARTICLE]
...
2. Failing any such provision or agreement, a treaty
enters into force as soon as consent to be bound by the
treaty has been established for all the negotiating States.
...
...
4. The provisions of a treaty regulating the authentication
of its text, the establishment of the consent of States
to be bound by the treaty, the manner or date of its
entry into force, reservations, the functions of the depositary
and other matters arising necessarily before the entry into force
of the treaty apply from the time of the adoption of its text. ...
ARTICLE-27: Internal law and observance of treaties [go to this ARTICLE]
... A party may not invoke the provisions of its internal
law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty.
This rule is without prejudice to article 46. ...
ARTICLE-28: Non-retroactivity of treaties [go to this ARTICLE]
... Unless a different intention appears from the
treaty or is otherwise established, its provisions do
not bind a party in relation to any act or fact which
took place or any situation which ceased to exist before the date
of the entry into force of the treaty with respect to that party. ...
ARTICLE-30: Application of successive treaties relating to
the same subject-matter [go to this ARTICLE]
...
2. When a treaty specifies that it is subject to, or
that it is not to be considered as incompatible with,
an earlier or later treaty, the provisions of that other
treaty prevail.
...
...
3. When all the parties to the earlier treaty are parties
also to the later treaty but the earlier treaty is not
terminated or suspended in operation under article 59,
the earlier treaty applies only to the extent that its provisions
are compatible with those of the latter treaty.
...
... 5. Paragraph 4 is without prejudice to article 41, or to any
question of the termination or suspension of the operation
of a treaty under article 60 or to any question of responsibility
which may arise for a State from the conclusion or application
of a treaty the provisions of which are incompatible
with its obligations towards another State under another treaty. ...
ARTICLE-31: General rule of interpretation [go to this ARTICLE]
... (a) any subsequent agreement between the parties regarding
the interpretation of the treaty or the application
of its provisions; ...
ARTICLE-35: Treaties providing for obligations for third States [go to this ARTICLE]
... An obligation arises for a third State from a
provision of a treaty if the parties to the treaty intend
the provision to be the means of establishing the obligation
and the third State expressly accepts that obligation in writing. ...
... An obligation arises for a third State from a
provision of a treaty if the parties to the treaty intend
the provision to be the means of establishing the obligation
and the third State expressly accepts that obligation in writing. ...
ARTICLE-36: Treaties providing for rights for third States [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. A right arises for a third State from a provision
of a treaty if the parties to the treaty intend the provision
to accord that right either to the third State, or to
a group of States to which it belongs, or to all States,
and the third State assents thereto. Its assent shall be presumed so
long as the contrary is not indicated, unless the treaty otherwise provides.
...
... 1. A right arises for a third State from a provision
of a treaty if the parties to the treaty intend the provision
to accord that right either to the third State, or to
a group of States to which it belongs, or to all States,
and the third State assents thereto. Its assent shall be presumed so
long as the contrary is not indicated, unless the treaty otherwise provides.
...
ARTICLE-41: Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between
certain of the parties only [go to this ARTICLE]
... (ii) does not relate to a provision, derogation from which
is incompatible with the effective execution of the
object and purpose of the treaty as a whole. ...
ARTICLE-42: Validity and continuance in force of treaties [go to this ARTICLE]
...
2. The termination of a treaty, its denunciation or the
withdrawal of a party, may take place only as a result
of the application of the provisions of the treaty or
of the present Convention. The same rule applies to suspension
of the operation of a treaty. ...
ARTICLE-43: Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
... The invalidity, termination or denunciation of
a treaty, the withdrawal of a party from it, or the suspension
of its operation, as a result of the application of the
present Convention or of the provisions of the treaty, shall
not in any way impair the duty of any State to fulfil any obligation embodied
in the treaty to which it would be subject under international law independently
of the treaty. ...
ARTICLE-44: Separability of treaty provisions [go to this ARTICLE]
... Separability of treaty provisions ...
...
5. In cases falling under articles 51, 52 and 53, no
separation of the provisions of the treaty is permitted. ...
ARTICLE-46: Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. A State may not invoke the fact that its consent
to be bound by a treaty has been expressed in violation
of a provision of its internal law regarding competence
to conclude treaties as invalidating its consent unless
that violation was manifest and concerned a rule of its internal law of
fundamental importance.
...
ARTICLE-54: Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent
of the parties [go to this ARTICLE]
... Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent
of the parties ...
ARTICLE-56: Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing
no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal [go to this ARTICLE]
... Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing
no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal ...
... 1. A treaty which contains no provision regarding
its termination and which does not provide for denunciation
or withdrawal is not subject to denunciation or withdrawal
unless: ...
ARTICLE-57: Suspension of the operation of a treaty under
its provisions or by consent of the parties [go to this ARTICLE]
ARTICLE-58: Suspension of the operation of a multilateral
treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. Two or more parties to a multilateral treaty
may conclude an agreement to suspend the operation of
provisions of the treaty, temporarily and as between
themselves alone, if: ...
... 2. Unless in a case falling under paragraph 1(a) the treaty
otherwise provides, the parties in question shall notify
the other parties of their intention to conclude the
agreement and of those provisions of the treaty the operation
of which they intend to suspend. ...
ARTICLE-59: Termination or suspension of the operation of
a treaty implied by conclusion of a later treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
... (b) the provisions of the later treaty are so far incompatible
with those of the earlier one that the two treaties
are not capable of being applied at the same time. ...
ARTICLE-60: Termination or suspension of the operation of
a treaty as a consequence of its breach [go to this ARTICLE]
... (c) any party other than the defaulting State to invoke the
breach as a ground for suspending the operation of
the treaty in whole or in part with respect to itself
if the treaty is of such a character that a material
breach of its provisions by one party radically changes the position
of every party with respect to the further performance of its
obligations under the treaty. ...
... (b) the violation of a provision essential to the accomplishment
of the object or purpose of the treaty. ...
... 4. The foregoing paragraphs are without prejudice to any provision
in the treaty applicable in the event of a breach.
...
...
5. Paragraphs 1 to 3 do not apply to provisions relating
to the protection of the human person contained in treaties
of a humanitarian character, in particular to provisions
prohibiting any form of reprisals against persons protected
by such treaties. ...
...
5. Paragraphs 1 to 3 do not apply to provisions relating
to the protection of the human person contained in treaties
of a humanitarian character, in particular to provisions
prohibiting any form of reprisals against persons protected
by such treaties. ...
ARTICLE-65: Procedure to be followed with respect to invalidity, termination, withdrawal
from or suspension of the operation of a treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. A party which, under the provisions of the
present Convention, invokes either a defect in its consent
to be bound by a treaty or a ground for impeaching the
validity of a treaty, terminating it, withdrawing from it or suspending
its operation, must notify the other parties of its claim. The notification
shall indicate the measure proposed to be taken with respect to
the treaty and the reasons therefor.
...
...
4. Nothing in the foregoing paragraphs shall affect the
rights or obligations of the parties under any provisions
in force binding the parties with regard to the settlement
of disputes.
...
ARTICLE-67: Instruments for declaring invalid, terminating,
withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
...
2. Any act declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing
from or suspending the operation of a treaty pursuant
to the provisions of the treaty or of paragraphs 2 or
3 of article 65 shall be carried out through an instrument communicated
to the other parties. If the instrument is not signed by the Head
of State, Head of Government or Minister for Foreign Affairs, the representative
of the State communicating it may be called upon to produce full
powers. ...
ARTICLE-69: Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. A treaty the invalidity of which is established
under the present Convention is void. The provisions
of a void treaty have no legal force.
...
ARTICLE-70: Consequences of the termination of a treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or the
parties otherwise agree, the termination of a treaty
under its provisions or in accordance with the present
Convention: ...
ARTICLE-71: Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which
conflict
with a peremptory norm of general international law [go to this ARTICLE]
... (a) eliminate as far as possible the consequences of any
act performed in reliance on any provision which conflicts
with the peremptory norm of general international law;
and ...
ARTICLE-72: Consequences of the suspension of the operation
of a treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or the
parties otherwise agree, the suspension of the operation
of a treaty under its provisions or in accordance with
the present Convention: ...
ARTICLE-73: Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities [go to this ARTICLE]
... The provisions of the present Convention shall
not prejudge any question that may arise in regard to
a treaty from a succession of States or from the international
responsibility of a State or from the outbreak of hostilities
between States. ...
ARTICLE-75: Case of an aggressor State [go to this ARTICLE]
... The provisions of the present Convention are without
prejudice to any obligation in relation to a treaty which
may arise for an aggressor State in consequence of measures
taken in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations
with reference to that State's aggression. ...
ARTICLE-77: Functions of depositaries [go to this ARTICLE]
... (h) performing the functions specified in other provisions
of the present Convention. ...