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ARTICLE-45: Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty     [go to this ARTICLE]
... (b) it must by reason of its conduct be considered as having acquiesced in the validity of the treaty or in its maintenance in force or in operation, as the case may be. ...


ARTICLE-46: Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties     [go to this ARTICLE]
... 2. A violation is manifest if it would be objectively evident to any State conducting itself in the matter in accordance with normal practice and in good faith. ...


ARTICLE-48: Error     [go to this ARTICLE]
... 2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply if the State in question contributed by its own conduct to the error or if the circumstances were such as to put that State on notice of a possible error. ...


ARTICLE-49: Fraud     [go to this ARTICLE]
... If a State has been induced to conclude a treaty by the fraudulent conduct of another negotiating State, the State may invoke the fraud as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty. ...