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Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
PART-III: OBSERVANCE, APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES
SECTION-4: TREATIES AND THIRD STATES
ARTICLE 38: Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom
ARTICLE 38: Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom
Nothing in articles 34 to 37 precludes a rule set forth in a treaty from becoming binding upon a third State as a customary rule of international law, recognized as such.