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Law-ref.org | Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) |
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... Recognizing
the underlying public policy objectives of national systems for the
protection of intellectual property, including developmental and
technological objectives; ...
... Recognizing
also the special needs of the least-developed country Members in
respect of maximum flexibility in the domestic implementation of laws
and regulations in order to enable them to create a sound and viable
technological base; ...
ARTICLE-7: Objectives [go to this ARTICLE]
... The
protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should
contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the
transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of
producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner
conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights
and obligations. ...
... The
protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should
contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the
transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of
producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner
conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights
and obligations. ...
... The
protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should
contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the
transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of
producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner
conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights
and obligations. ...
ARTICLE-8: Principles [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. Members
may, in formulating or amending their laws and regulations, adopt
measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to
promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their
socio-economic and technological development, provided that such
measures are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.
...
... 2. Appropriate
measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of
this Agreement, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual
property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which
unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international
transfer of technology.
...
ARTICLE-27: Patentable Subject Matter [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. Subject
to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3, patents shall be
available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all
fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an
inventive step and are capable of industrial application.(5)
Subject to paragraph 4 of Article 65, paragraph 8 of
Article 70 and paragraph 3 of this Article, patents shall
be available and patent rights enjoyable without discrimination as to
the place of invention, the field of technology and whether products
are imported or locally produced. ...
... 1. Subject
to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3, patents shall be
available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all
fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an
inventive step and are capable of industrial application.(5)
Subject to paragraph 4 of Article 65, paragraph 8 of
Article 70 and paragraph 3 of this Article, patents shall
be available and patent rights enjoyable without discrimination as to
the place of invention, the field of technology and whether products
are imported or locally produced. ...
ARTICLE-31: Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder [go to this ARTICLE]
... (c) the scope and duration of such use shall be limited to the
purpose for which it was authorized, and in the case of
semi-conductor technology shall only be for public non-commercial use
or to remedy a practice determined after judicial or administrative
process to be anti-competitive; ...
... 1. Members
agree that some licensing practices or conditions pertaining to
intellectual property rights which restrain competition may have
adverse effects on trade and may impede the transfer and
dissemination of technology. ...
ARTICLE-65: Transitional Arrangements [go to this ARTICLE]
... 4. To the
extent that a developing country Member is obliged by this Agreement
to extend product patent protection to areas of technology not so
protectable in its territory on the general date of application of
this Agreement for that Member, as defined in paragraph 2, it
may delay the application of the provisions on product patents of
Section 5 of Part II to such areas of technology for an
additional period of five years. ...
... 4. To the
extent that a developing country Member is obliged by this Agreement
to extend product patent protection to areas of technology not so
protectable in its territory on the general date of application of
this Agreement for that Member, as defined in paragraph 2, it
may delay the application of the provisions on product patents of
Section 5 of Part II to such areas of technology for an
additional period of five years. ...
ARTICLE-66: Least-Developed Country Members [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. In view
of the special needs and requirements of least-developed country
Members, their economic, financial and administrative constraints,
and their need for flexibility to create a viable technological base,
such Members shall not be required to apply the provisions of this
Agreement, other than Articles 3, 4 and 5, for a period of
10 years from the date of application as defined under paragraph 1 of
Article 65. The Council for TRIPS shall, upon duly motivated
request by a least-developed country Member, accord extensions of
this period. ...
... 2. Developed
country Members shall provide incentives to enterprises and
institutions in their territories for the purpose of promoting and
encouraging technology transfer to least-developed country Members
in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological
base. ...
... 2. Developed
country Members shall provide incentives to enterprises and
institutions in their territories for the purpose of promoting and
encouraging technology transfer to least-developed country Members
in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological
base. ...
ARTICLE-70: Protection of Existing Subject Matter [go to this ARTICLE]
... 6. Members
shall not be required to apply Article 31, or the requirement in
paragraph 1 of Article 27 that patent rights shall be
enjoyable without discrimination as to the field of technology, to
use without the authorization of the right holder where authorization
for such use was granted by the government before the date this
Agreement became known. ...