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Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
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state
[
Global Index
]
PREAMBLE
[
go to this PREAMBLE
]
... With the goal of
establishing
a new and
equitable
global
partnership
through the
creation
of new levels of
cooperation
among
States
, key
sectors
of
societies
and
people
, ...
PRINCIPLE-2
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
have, in
accordance
with the
Charter of the United Nations
and the
principles
of
international law
, the
sovereign right
to exploit their own
resources
pursuant to their own
environmental
and developmental
policies
, and the
responsibility
to ensure that
activities
within their
jurisdiction
or
control
do not cause
damage
to the
environment
of other
States
or of
areas
beyond the
limits
of
national jurisdiction
. ...
...
States
have, in
accordance
with the
Charter of the United Nations
and the
principles
of
international law
, the
sovereign right
to exploit their own
resources
pursuant to their own
environmental
and developmental
policies
, and the
responsibility
to ensure that
activities
within their
jurisdiction
or
control
do not cause
damage
to the
environment
of other
States
or of
areas
beyond the
limits
of
national jurisdiction
. ...
PRINCIPLE-5
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
... All
States
and all
people
shall
cooperate
in the essential task of eradicating
poverty
as an indispensable
requirement
for
sustainable development
, in
order
to decrease the disparities in standards of
living
and better
meet
the needs of the
majority
of the
people
of the
world
. ...
PRINCIPLE-7
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
shall
cooperate
in a
spirit
of
global
partnership
to
conserve
,
protect
and
restore
the
health
and
integrity
of the
Earth
's
ecosystem
. In
view
of the different
contributions
to
global
environmental degradation
,
States
have
common
but differentiated
responsibilities
. The
developed countries
acknowledge the
responsibility
that they bear in the
international
pursuit to
sustainable development
in
view
of the pressures their
societies
place
on the
global
environment
and of the
technologies
and
financial resources
they command. ...
...
States
shall
cooperate
in a
spirit
of
global
partnership
to
conserve
,
protect
and
restore
the
health
and
integrity
of the
Earth
's
ecosystem
. In
view
of the different
contributions
to
global
environmental degradation
,
States
have
common
but differentiated
responsibilities
. The
developed countries
acknowledge the
responsibility
that they bear in the
international
pursuit to
sustainable development
in
view
of the pressures their
societies
place
on the
global
environment
and of the
technologies
and
financial resources
they command. ...
PRINCIPLE-8
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
... To
achieve
sustainable development
and a higher
quality of life
for all
people
,
States
should reduce and
eliminate
unsustainable
patterns
of
production
and
consumption
and
promote
appropriate
demographic policies
. ...
PRINCIPLE-9
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
should
cooperate
to strengthen endogenous
capacity-building
for
sustainable development
by
improving
scientific
understanding
through
exchanges
of
scientific
and
technological knowledge
, and by enhancing the
development
,
adaptation
, diffusion and
transfer of technologies
,
including
new and
innovative
technologies
. ...
PRINCIPLE-10
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
Environmental
issues are best
handled
with
participation
of all
concerned
citizens
, at the
relevant
level. At the
national level
, each
individual
shall have appropriate
access to information
concerning
the
environment
that is held by
public authorities
,
including
information
on
hazardous materials
and
activities
in their
communities
, and the
opportunity
to
participate
in
decision-making processes
.
States
shall
facilitate
and
encourage
public awareness
and
participation
by making
information
widely available. Effective
access
to
judicial
and
administrative
proceedings
,
including
redress
and
remedy
, shall be provided. ...
PRINCIPLE-11
[
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]
...
States
shall enact effective
environmental legislation
.
Environmental standards
,
management
objectives
and
priorities
should reflect the
environmental
and
development
context
to which they apply. Standards applied by some
countries
may be inappropriate and of unwarranted
economic
and
social cost
to other
countries
, in particular
developing countries
. ...
PRINCIPLE-12
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
should
cooperate
to
promote
a supportive and
open
international
economic system
that would
lead
to
economic growth
and
sustainable development
in all
countries
, to better
address
the
problems
of
environmental degradation
.
Trade
policy
measures
for
environmental
purposes
should not
constitute
a means of
arbitrary
or unjustifiable
discrimination
or a disguised
restriction
on
international trade
. ...
PRINCIPLE-13
[
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]
...
States
shall develop
national law
regarding
liability
and
compensation
for the
victims
of
pollution
and other
environmental
damage
.
States
shall also
cooperate
in an expeditious and more
determined
manner
to develop further
international law
regarding
liability
and
compensation
for
adverse effects
of
environmental
damage
caused by
activities
within their
jurisdiction
or
control
to
areas
beyond their
jurisdiction
. ...
...
States
shall develop
national law
regarding
liability
and
compensation
for the
victims
of
pollution
and other
environmental
damage
.
States
shall also
cooperate
in an expeditious and more
determined
manner
to develop further
international law
regarding
liability
and
compensation
for
adverse effects
of
environmental
damage
caused by
activities
within their
jurisdiction
or
control
to
areas
beyond their
jurisdiction
. ...
PRINCIPLE-14
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
should effectively
cooperate
to discourage or
prevent
the relocation and
transfer
to other
States
of any
activities
and
substances
that cause severe
environmental degradation
or are found to be
harmful
to
human health
. ...
...
States
should effectively
cooperate
to discourage or
prevent
the relocation and
transfer
to other
States
of any
activities
and
substances
that cause severe
environmental degradation
or are found to be
harmful
to
human health
. ...
PRINCIPLE-15
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
... In
order
to
protect
the
environment
, the
precautionary
approach shall be widely applied by
States
according to their capabilities. Where there are
threats
of
serious
or irreversible
damage
,
lack
of
full
scientific
certainty shall not be used as a
reason
for postponing
cost
-effective
measures
to
prevent
environmental degradation
. ...
PRINCIPLE-18
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
shall immediately notify other
States
of any
natural disasters
or other
emergencies
that are likely to produce
sudden
harmful
effects
on the
environment
of those
States
. Every effort shall be made by the
international community
to
help
States
so afflicted. ...
...
States
shall immediately notify other
States
of any
natural disasters
or other
emergencies
that are likely to produce
sudden
harmful
effects
on the
environment
of those
States
. Every effort shall be made by the
international community
to
help
States
so afflicted. ...
...
States
shall immediately notify other
States
of any
natural disasters
or other
emergencies
that are likely to produce
sudden
harmful
effects
on the
environment
of those
States
. Every effort shall be made by the
international community
to
help
States
so afflicted. ...
...
States
shall immediately notify other
States
of any
natural disasters
or other
emergencies
that are likely to produce
sudden
harmful
effects
on the
environment
of those
States
. Every effort shall be made by the
international community
to
help
States
so afflicted. ...
PRINCIPLE-19
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
shall provide
prior
and timely
notification
and
relevant
information
to
potentially
affected
States
on
activities
that may have a
significant
adverse
transboundary
environmental effect
and shall consult with those
States
at an early stage and in
good faith
. ...
...
States
shall provide
prior
and timely
notification
and
relevant
information
to
potentially
affected
States
on
activities
that may have a
significant
adverse
transboundary
environmental effect
and shall consult with those
States
at an early stage and in
good faith
. ...
...
States
shall provide
prior
and timely
notification
and
relevant
information
to
potentially
affected
States
on
activities
that may have a
significant
adverse
transboundary
environmental effect
and shall consult with those
States
at an early stage and in
good faith
. ...
PRINCIPLE-22
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
Indigenous people
and their
communities
and other
local communities
have a
vital
role
in
environmental management
and
development
because of their
knowledge
and
traditional
practices.
States
should recognize and duly
support
their
identity
,
culture
and
interests
and enable their effective
participation
in the
achievement
of
sustainable development
. ...
PRINCIPLE-24
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
Warfare
is inherently destructive of
sustainable development
.
States
shall therefore
respect
international law
providing
protection
for the
environment
in times of
armed conflict
and
cooperate
in its further
development
, as necessary. ...
PRINCIPLE-26
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
shall resolve all their
environmental disputes
peacefully and by appropriate means in
accordance
with the
Charter of the United Nations
. ...
PRINCIPLE-27
[
go to this PRINCIPLE
]
...
States
and
people
shall
cooperate
in
good faith
and in a
spirit
of
partnership
in the fulfilment of the
principles
embodied in this
Declaration
and in the further
development
of
international law
in the
field
of
sustainable development
. ...
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