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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: IX. Co-operation among States [go to this PAGE]
... They will endeavour, in developing their co-operation as
equals, to promote mutual understanding and confidence, friendly
and good-neighbourly relations among themselves, international
peace, security and justice. They will equally endeavour, in
developing their co-operation, to improve the well-being of
peoples and contribute to the fulfilment of their aspirations
through, inter alia, the benefits resulting from increased mutual
knowledge and from progress and achievement in the economic,
scientific, technological, social, cultural and humanitarian
fields. They will take steps to promote conditions favourable to
making these benefits available to all; they will take into
account the interest of all in the narrowing of differences in
the levels of economic development, and in particular the
interest of developing countries throughout the world. ...
PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that their efforts to develop co-operation in the
fields of trade, industry, science and technology, the
environment and other areas of economic activity contribute to
the reinforcement of peace and security in Europe and in the
world as a whole, ...
PAGE: 1. Commercial Exchanges General provisions [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that the volume and structure of trade among the
participating States do not in all cases correspond to the
possibilities created by the current level of their economic,
scientific and technological development, ...
PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... contribute to economic growth as well as to the expansion
and diversification of international trade and to a wider
utilization of modern technology,
...
PAGE: 4. Science and technology [go to this PAGE]
... 4. Science and technology ...
... Convinced that scientific and technological co-operation
constitutes an important contribution to the strengthening of
security and co-operation among them, in that it assists the
effective solution of problems of common interest and the
improvement of the conditions of human life, ...
... Considering that in developing such co-operation, it is
important to promote the sharing of information and experience,
facilitating the study and transfer of scientific and
technological achievements, as well as the access to such
achievements on a mutually advantageous basis and in fields of
co-operation agreed between interested parties, ...
... Aware of the need to take measures further to improve
scientific and technological co-operation between them, ...
PAGE: Possibilities for improving co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... Recognize that possibilities exist for further improving
scientific and technological co-operation, and to this end,
express their intention to remove obstacles to such co-operation,
in particular through: ...
... the improvement of opportunities for the exchange and
dissemination of scientific and technological information among
the parties interested in scientific and technological research
and co-operation including information related to the
organization and implementation of such co-operation;
...
... the improvement of opportunities for the exchange and
dissemination of scientific and technological information among
the parties interested in scientific and technological research
and co-operation including information related to the
organization and implementation of such co-operation;
...
... the wider use of commercial channels and activities for
applied scientific and technological research and for the
transfer of achievements obtained in this field while providing
information on and protection of intellectual and industrial
property rights;
...
PAGE: Fields of co-operation Agriculture Energy New technologies, rational use of resources Transport technology Physics Chemistry
Meteorology and hydrology Oceanography Seismological research Research on glaciology, permafrost and problems of life under
conditions of cold Computer, communication and information technologies Space research Medicine and public health Environmental
research [go to this PAGE]
... Research into new methods and technologies for increasing
the productivity of crop cultivation and animal husbandry; the
application of chemistry to agriculture; the design, construction
and utilization of agricultural machinery; technologies of
irrigation and other agricultural land improvement works; ...
... Research into new methods and technologies for increasing
the productivity of crop cultivation and animal husbandry; the
application of chemistry to agriculture; the design, construction
and utilization of agricultural machinery; technologies of
irrigation and other agricultural land improvement works; ...
... New technologies of production, transport and distribution
of energy aimed at improving the use of existing fuels and
sources of hydroenergy, as well as research in the field of new
energy sources, including nuclear, solar and geothermal energy; ...
... New technologies, rational use of resources ...
... Research on new technologies and equipment designed in
particular to reduce energy consumption and to minimize or
eliminate waste; ...
... Transport technology ...
... Research on the means of transport and the technology
applied to the development and operation of international,
national and urban transport networks including container
transport as well as transport safety; ...
... Research on problems in electrochemistry and the chemistry
of polymers, of natural products, and of metals and alloys, as
well as the development of improved chemical technology,
especially materials processing; practical application of the
latest achievements of chemistry to industry, construction and
other sectors of the economy; ...
... Study and forecasting of earthquakes and associated
geological changes; development and research of technology of
seism-resisting constructions; ...
... Research on glaciology and permafrost; transportation and
construction technologies; human adaptation to climatic extremes
and changes in the living conditions of indigenous populations; ...
... Development of computers as well as of telecommunications
and information systems; technology associated with computers and
telecommunications, including their use for management systems,
for production processes, for automation, for the study of
economic problems, in scientific research and for the collection,
processing and dissemination of information; ...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... Express their view that scientific and technological co-
operation should, in particular, employ the following forms and
methods: ...
... exchange and circulation of books, periodicals and other
scientific and technological publications and papers among
interested organizations, scientific and technological
institutions, enterprises and scientists and technologists, as
well as participation in international programmes for the
abstracting and indexing of publications;
...
... exchange and circulation of books, periodicals and other
scientific and technological publications and papers among
interested organizations, scientific and technological
institutions, enterprises and scientists and technologists, as
well as participation in international programmes for the
abstracting and indexing of publications;
...
... holding of international and national conferences, symposia,
seminars, courses and other meetings of a scientific and
technological character, which would include the participation of
foreign scientists and technologists;
...
... joint preparation and implementation of programmes and
projects of mutual interest on the basis of consultation and
agreement among all parties concerned, including, where possible
and appropriate, exchanges of experience and research results,
and correlation of research programmes, between scientific and
technological research institutions and organizations;
...
... use of commercial channels and methods for identifying and
transferring technological and scientific developments, including
the conclusion of mutually beneficial co-operation arrangements
between firms and enterprises in fields agreed upon between them
and for carrying out, where appropriate, joint research and
development programmes and projects;
...
... recommend that, in developing co-operation in the field of
science and technology, full use be made of existing practices of
bilateral and multilateral co-operation, including that of a
regional or sub-regional character, together with the forms and
methods of co-operation described in this document; ...
... recommend further that more effective utilization be made of
the possibilities and capabilities of existing international
organizations, intergovernmental and non-governmental, concerned
with science and technology, for improving exchanges of
information and experience, as well as for developing other forms
of co-operation in fields of common interest, for example: ...
... through their participation in particular international
scientific and technological co-operation programmes, including
those of UNESCO and other international organizations, pursuit of
continuing progress towards the objectives of such programmes,
notably those of UNISIST with particular respect to information
policy guidance, technical advice, information contributions and
data processing.
...
PAGE: 5. Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Affirming that experience has shown that economic
development and technological progress must be compatible with
the protection of the environment and the preservation of
historical and cultural values; that damage to the environment is
best avoided by preventive measures; and that the ecological
balance must be preserved in the exploitation and management of
natural resources. ...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... to advocate that within the framework of the United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe a study be carried out of
procedures and relevant experience relating to the activities of
Governments in developing the capabilities of their countries to
predict adequately environmental consequences of economic
activities and technological development.
...
PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean [go to this PAGE]
... to contribute to a diversified development of the economies
of the non-participating Mediterranean countries, whilst taking
due account of their national development objectives, and to
cooperate with them, especially in the sectors of industry,
science and technology, in their efforts to achieve a better
utilization of their resources, thus promoting a more harmonious
development of economic relations;
...
PAGE: (d) Foreign Languages and Civilizations [go to this PAGE]
... to encourage co-operation between institutions concerned, on
a bilateral or multilateral basis, aimed at exploiting more fully
the resources of modem educational technology in language
teaching, for example through comparative studies by their
specialists and, where agreed, through exchanges or transfers of
audio-visual materials, of materials used for preparing
textbooks, as well as of information about new types of technical
equipment used for teaching languages;
...