Law-ref.org Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975
Site search

system [Global Index]


PAGE: 1. (a) Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States     [go to this PAGE]
... Declare their determination to respect and put into practice, each of them in its relations with all other participating States, irrespective of their political, economic or social systems as well as of their size, geographical location or level of economic development, the following principles, which all are of primary significance, guiding their mutual relations: ...


PAGE: I. Sovereign equality, respect for the rights inherent in sovereignty     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States will respect each other's sovereign equality and individuality as well as all the rights inherent in and encompassed by its sovereignty, including in particular the right of every State to juridical equality, to territorial integrity and to freedom and political independence. They will also respect each other's right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems as well as its right to determine its laws and regulations. ...


PAGE: (b) Matters related to giving effect to certain of the above Principles (i) (ii)     [go to this PAGE]
... Are resolved to pursue the examination and elaboration of a generally acceptable method for the peaceful settlement of disputes aimed at complementing existing methods, and to continue to this end to work upon the "Draft Convention on a European System for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes" submitted by Switzerland during the second stage of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, as well as other proposals relating to it and directed towards the elaboration of such a method. ...


PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment     [go to this PAGE]
... Aware of the diversity of their economic and social systems, ...
... Reaffirming their will to intensify such co-operation between one another, irrespective of their systems, ...


PAGE: Economic and commercial information     [go to this PAGE]
... will support a study, in the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, of the possibilities of creating a multilateral system of notification of laws and regulations concerning foreign trade and changes therein; ...


PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... the consideration, in ways that are compatible with their economic systems, of the needs and possibilities of industrial co-operation within the framework of economic policy and particularly in national economic plans and programmes; ...


PAGE: Fields of co-operation Agriculture Energy New technologies, rational use of resources Transport technology Physics Chemistry Meteorology and hydrology Oceanography Seismological research Research on glaciology, permafrost and problems of life under conditions of cold Computer, communication and information technologies Space research Medicine and public health Environmental research     [go to this PAGE]
... Development of computers as well as of telecommunications and information systems; technology associated with computers and telecommunications, including their use for management systems, for production processes, for automation, for the study of economic problems, in scientific research and for the collection, processing and dissemination of information; ...
... Development of computers as well as of telecommunications and information systems; technology associated with computers and telecommunications, including their use for management systems, for production processes, for automation, for the study of economic problems, in scientific research and for the collection, processing and dissemination of information; ...


PAGE: Fields of co-operation Control of air pollution Water pollution control and fresh water utilization Protection of the marine environment Land utilization and soils Nature conservation and nature reserves Improvement of environmental conditions in areas of human settlement Fundamental research, monitoring, forecasting and assessment of environmental changes Legal and administrative measures     [go to this PAGE]
... Desulphurization of fossil fuels and exhaust gases, pollution control of heavy metals, particles, aerosols, nitrogen oxides, in particular those emitted by transport, power stations, and other industrial plants; systems and methods of observation and control of air pollution and its effects, including long- range transport of air pollutants; ...
... Protection of nature and nature reserves; conservation and maintenance of existing genetic resources, especially rare animal and plant species; conservation of natural ecological systems; establishment of nature reserves and other protected landscapes and areas, including their use for research, tourism, recreation and other purposes; ...
... Environmental conditions associated with transport, housing, working areas, urban development and planning, water supply and sewage disposal systems; assessment of harmful effects of noise, and noise control methods; collection, treatment and utilization of wastes, including the recovery and recycling of materials; research on substitutes for non-biodegradable substances; ...
... Study of changes in climate, landscapes and ecological balances under the impact of both natural factors and human activities; forecasting of possible genetic changes in flora and fauna as a result of environmental pollution; harmonization of statistical data, development of scientific concepts and systems of monitoring networks, standardized methods of observation, measurement and assessment of changes in the biosphere; assessment of the effects of environmental pollution levels and degradation of the environment upon human health; study and development of criteria and standards for various environmental pollutants and regulation regarding production and use of various products; ...


PAGE: Co-operation in Humanitarian and Other Fields     [go to this PAGE]
... Determined therefore to co-operate among themselves, irrespective of their political, economic and social systems, in order to create better conditions in the above fields, to develop and strengthen existing forms of co-operation and to work out new ways and means appropriate to these aims, ...


PAGE: Fields and Forms of Co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... a joint study with a view to the improvement and possible harmonization of the different systems used to inventory and catalogue the historical monuments and places of cultural interest in their countries; ...


PAGE: (e) Teaching Methods     [go to this PAGE]
... intensifying exchanges of information on teaching methods used in various educational systems and on results of research into the processes by which pupils and students acquire knowledge, taking account of relevant experience in different types of specialized education; ...