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... Motivated by the political will, in the interest of peoples, to improve and intensify their relations and to contribute in Europe to peace, security, justice and co-operation as well as to rapprochement among themselves and with the other States of the world, ...

... Declare their determination to respect and put into practice, each of them in its relations with all other participating States, irrespective of their political, economic or social systems as well as of their size, geographical location or level of economic development, the following principles, which all are of primary significance, guiding their mutual relations: ...

... The participating States will respect each other's sovereign equality and individuality as well as all the rights inherent in and encompassed by its sovereignty, including in particular the right of every State to juridical equality, to territorial integrity and to freedom and political independence. They will also respect each other's right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems as well as its right to determine its laws and regulations. ...

... The participating States will respect each other's sovereign equality and individuality as well as all the rights inherent in and encompassed by its sovereignty, including in particular the right of every State to juridical equality, to territorial integrity and to freedom and political independence. They will also respect each other's right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems as well as its right to determine its laws and regulations. ...

... The participating States will refrain in their mutual relations, as well as in their international relations in general, from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations and with the present Declaration. No consideration may be invoked to serve to warrant resort to the threat or use of force in contravention of this principle. ...

... Accordingly, they will refrain from any action inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations against the territorial integrity, political independence or the unity of any participating State, and in particular from any such action constituting a threat or use of force. ...

... They will likewise in all circumstances refrain from any other act of military, or of political, economic or other coercion designed to subordinate to their own interest the exercise by another participating State of the rights inherent in its sovereignty and thus to secure advantages of any kind. ...

... They will promote and encourage the effective exercise of civil, political, economic, social, cultural and other rights and freedoms all of which derive from the inherent dignity of the human person and are essential for his free and full development. ...

... By virtue of the principle of equal rights and self- determination of peoples, all peoples always have the right, in full freedom, to determine, when and as they wish, their internal and external political status, without external interference, and to pursue as they wish their political, economic, social and cultural development. ...

... By virtue of the principle of equal rights and self- determination of peoples, all peoples always have the right, in full freedom, to determine, when and as they wish, their internal and external political status, without external interference, and to pursue as they wish their political, economic, social and cultural development. ...

... The participating States express the conviction that respect for these principles will encourage the development of normal and friendly relations and the progress of co-operation among them in all fields. They also express the conviction that respect for these principles will encourage the development of political contacts among them which in time would contribute to better mutual understanding of their positions and views. ...

... Determined further to refrain in their mutual relations, as well as in their international relations in general, from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations and with the Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States as adopted in this Final Act; ...

... Convinced of the political importance of prior notification of major military manoeuvres for the promotion of mutual understanding and the strengthening of confidence, stability and security; ...

... Recognizing that this measure deriving from political decision rests upon a voluntary basis; ...

... The participating States recognize the interest of all of them in efforts aimed at lessening military confrontation and promoting disarmament which are designed to complement political détente in Europe and to strengthen their security. They are convinced of the necessity to take effective measures in these fields which by their scope and by their nature constitute steps towards the ultimate achievement of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and which should result in strengthening peace and security throughout the world. ...

... The complementary nature of the political and military aspects of security; ...

... Conscious of the geographical, historical, cultural, economic and political aspects of their relationship with the non-participating Mediterranean States, ...

... Determined therefore to co-operate among themselves, irrespective of their political, economic and social systems, in order to create better conditions in the above fields, to develop and strengthen existing forms of co-operation and to work out new ways and means appropriate to these aims, ...

... the humanities and social sciences, such as history, geography, philosophy, psychology, pedagogical research, linguistics, sociology, the legal, political and economic sciences; comparative studies on social, socio-economic and cultural phenomena which are of common interest to the participating States, especially the problems of human environment and urban development; and scientific studies on the methods of conserving and restoring monuments and works of art. ...

... Wherefore, the undersigned High Representatives of the participating States, mindful of the high political significance which they attach to the results of the Conference, and declaring their determination to act in accordance with the provisions contained in the above texts, have subscribed their signatures below: ...

... THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Helmut SCHMIDT Federal Chancellor THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Erich HONECKER First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Gerald R. FORD President of the United States of America THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA Bruno KREISKY Federal Chancellor THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM Leo TINDEMANS Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Todor JIVKOV First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bulgaria CANADA Pierre Elliott TRUDEAU Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS His Beatitude Archbishop MAKARIOS III President of the Republic of Cyprus DENMARK Anker JORGENSEN Prime Minister SPAIN Carlos ARIAS NAVARRO Head of the Government THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND Urho KEKKONEN President of the Republic THE FRENCH REPUBLIC Valery GISCARD D'ESTAING President of the French Republic THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND The Rt. Hon. Harold WILSON, O.B.E., M.P., F.R.S. First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC Constantin CARAMANLIS Prime Minister THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Janos KADAR First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party IRELAND Liam COSGRAVE Prime Minister ICELAND Geir HALLGRIMSSON Prime Minister THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC Aldo MORO Prime Minister of the Italian Republic and in his capacity as President in office of the Council of the European Communities THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Walter KIEBER Head of Government THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG Gaston THORN Prime Minister, Minister for Foreign Affairs THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA Dom MINTOFF Prime Minister, Minister for Commonwealth and Foreign Affairs THE PRINCIPALITY OF MONACO Andre SAINT-MLEUX Minister of State, President of the Government Council, Representing H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco NORWAY Trygve BRATTELI Prime Minister THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS J. M. DEN UYL Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND Edward GIEREK First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party PORTUGAL Francisco DA COSTA GOMES President of the Republic THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA Nicolae CEAUSESCU President of the Socialist Republic of Romania SAN MARINO Gian Luigi BERTI Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs THE HOLY SEE Son Excellence Monseigneur Agostino CASAROLI Secretary of the Council for Church Public Affairs SWEDEN Olof PALME Prime Minister THE SWISS CONFEDERATION Pierre GRABER President of the Confederation, Head of the Federal Political Department THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST REPUBLIC Gustav HUSAK Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and President of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY Suleyman DEMIREL Prime Minister THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS L. BREJNEV General-Secretary of the CC of the CPSU THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF JUGOSLAVIA Josip Broz TITO President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Jugoslavia ...

... THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Helmut SCHMIDT Federal Chancellor THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Erich HONECKER First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Gerald R. FORD President of the United States of America THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA Bruno KREISKY Federal Chancellor THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM Leo TINDEMANS Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Todor JIVKOV First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bulgaria CANADA Pierre Elliott TRUDEAU Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS His Beatitude Archbishop MAKARIOS III President of the Republic of Cyprus DENMARK Anker JORGENSEN Prime Minister SPAIN Carlos ARIAS NAVARRO Head of the Government THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND Urho KEKKONEN President of the Republic THE FRENCH REPUBLIC Valery GISCARD D'ESTAING President of the French Republic THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND The Rt. Hon. Harold WILSON, O.B.E., M.P., F.R.S. First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC Constantin CARAMANLIS Prime Minister THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Janos KADAR First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party IRELAND Liam COSGRAVE Prime Minister ICELAND Geir HALLGRIMSSON Prime Minister THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC Aldo MORO Prime Minister of the Italian Republic and in his capacity as President in office of the Council of the European Communities THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Walter KIEBER Head of Government THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG Gaston THORN Prime Minister, Minister for Foreign Affairs THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA Dom MINTOFF Prime Minister, Minister for Commonwealth and Foreign Affairs THE PRINCIPALITY OF MONACO Andre SAINT-MLEUX Minister of State, President of the Government Council, Representing H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco NORWAY Trygve BRATTELI Prime Minister THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS J. M. DEN UYL Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND Edward GIEREK First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party PORTUGAL Francisco DA COSTA GOMES President of the Republic THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA Nicolae CEAUSESCU President of the Socialist Republic of Romania SAN MARINO Gian Luigi BERTI Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs THE HOLY SEE Son Excellence Monseigneur Agostino CASAROLI Secretary of the Council for Church Public Affairs SWEDEN Olof PALME Prime Minister THE SWISS CONFEDERATION Pierre GRABER President of the Confederation, Head of the Federal Political Department THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST REPUBLIC Gustav HUSAK Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and President of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY Suleyman DEMIREL Prime Minister THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS L. BREJNEV General-Secretary of the CC of the CPSU THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF JUGOSLAVIA Josip Broz TITO President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Jugoslavia ...