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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... Industrial co-operation ...
... propose to encourage the development of industrial
co-operation between the competent organizations, enterprises and
firms of their countries; ...
... consider that industrial co-operation may be facilitated by
means of intergovernmental and other bilateral and multilateral
agreements between the interested parties; ...
... note that in promoting industrial co-operation they should
bear in mind the economic structures and the development levels
of their countries; ...
... note that industrial co-operation is implemented by means of
contracts concluded between competent organizations, enterprises
and firms on the basis of economic considerations; ...
... express their willingness to promote measures designed to
create favourable conditions for industrial co-operation; ...
... recognize that industrial co-operation covers a number of
forms of economic relations going beyond the framework of
conventional trade, and that in concluding contracts on
industrial co-operation the partners will determine jointly the
appropriate forms and conditions of co-operation, taking into
account their mutual interests and capabilities; ...
... recognize that industrial co-operation covers a number of
forms of economic relations going beyond the framework of
conventional trade, and that in concluding contracts on
industrial co-operation the partners will determine jointly the
appropriate forms and conditions of co-operation, taking into
account their mutual interests and capabilities; ...
... recognize further that, if it is in their mutual interest,
concrete forms such as the following may be useful for the
development of industrial co-operation: joint production and
sale, specialization in production and sale, construction,
adaptation and modernization of industrial plants, co-operation
for the setting up of complete industrial installations with a
view to thus obtaining part of the resultant products, mixed
companies, exchanges of <know-how>, of technical information,
of patents and of licences, and joint industrial research within
the framework of specific co-operation projects; ...
... recognize further that, if it is in their mutual interest,
concrete forms such as the following may be useful for the
development of industrial co-operation: joint production and
sale, specialization in production and sale, construction,
adaptation and modernization of industrial plants, co-operation
for the setting up of complete industrial installations with a
view to thus obtaining part of the resultant products, mixed
companies, exchanges of <know-how>, of technical information,
of patents and of licences, and joint industrial research within
the framework of specific co-operation projects; ...
... recognize further that, if it is in their mutual interest,
concrete forms such as the following may be useful for the
development of industrial co-operation: joint production and
sale, specialization in production and sale, construction,
adaptation and modernization of industrial plants, co-operation
for the setting up of complete industrial installations with a
view to thus obtaining part of the resultant products, mixed
companies, exchanges of <know-how>, of technical information,
of patents and of licences, and joint industrial research within
the framework of specific co-operation projects; ...
... recognize further that, if it is in their mutual interest,
concrete forms such as the following may be useful for the
development of industrial co-operation: joint production and
sale, specialization in production and sale, construction,
adaptation and modernization of industrial plants, co-operation
for the setting up of complete industrial installations with a
view to thus obtaining part of the resultant products, mixed
companies, exchanges of <know-how>, of technical information,
of patents and of licences, and joint industrial research within
the framework of specific co-operation projects; ...
... recognize that new forms of industrial co-operation can be
applied with a view to meeting specific needs; ...
... note the importance of economic, commercial, technical and
administrative information such as to ensure the development of
industrial co-operation; ...
... to improve the quality and the quantity of information
relevant to industrial co-operation, in particular the laws and
regulations, including those relating to foreign exchange,
general orientation of national economic plans and programmes as
well as programme priorities and economic conditions of the
market; and
...
... will encourage all forms of exchange of information and
communication of experience relevant to industrial co-operation,
including through contacts between potential partners and, where
appropriate, through joint commissions for economic, industrial,
scientific and technical co-operation, national and joint
chambers of commerce, and other suitable bodies; ...
... will encourage all forms of exchange of information and
communication of experience relevant to industrial co-operation,
including through contacts between potential partners and, where
appropriate, through joint commissions for economic, industrial,
scientific and technical co-operation, national and joint
chambers of commerce, and other suitable bodies; ...
... consider it desirable, with a view to expanding industrial
co-operation, to encourage the exploration of co-operation
possibilities and the implementation of co-operation projects and
will take measures to this end, inter alia, by facilitating and
increasing all forms of business contacts between competent
organizations, enterprises and firms and between their respective
qualified personnel; ...
... note that the provisions adopted by the Conference relating
to business contacts in the economic and commercial fields also
apply to foreign organizations, enterprises and firms engaged in
industrial co-operation, taking into account the specific
conditions of this co-operation, and will endeavour to ensure, in
particular, the existence of appropriate working conditions for
personnel engaged in the implementation of co-operation projects; ...
... consider it desirable that proposals for industrial co-
operation projects should be sufficiently specific and should
contain the necessary economic and technical data, in particular
preliminary estimates of the cost of the project information on
the form of co-operation envisaged, and market possibilities, to
enable potential partners to proceed with initial studies and to
arrive at decisions in the shortest possible time; ...
... will encourage the parties concerned with industrial co-
operation to take measures to accelerate the conduct of
negotiations for the conclusion of co-operation contracts, ...
... recommend further the continued examination - for example
within the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe - of means of improving the provision of information
to those concerned on general conditions of industrial co-
operation and guidance on the preparation of contracts in this
field; ...
... consider it desirable to further improve conditions for the
implementation of industrial co-operation projects, in particular
with respect to: ...
... the protection of the interests of the partners in
industrial co-operation projects, including the legal protection
of the various kinds of property involved;
...
... the consideration, in ways that are compatible with their
economic systems, of the needs and possibilities of industrial
co-operation within the framework of economic policy and
particularly in national economic plans and programmes;
...
... consider it desirable that the partners, when concluding
industrial co-operation contracts, should devote due attention to
provisions concerning the extension of the necessary mutual
assistance and the provision of the necessary information during
the implementation of these contracts, in particular with a view
to attaining the required technical level and quality of the
products resulting from such co-operation; ...
... recognize the usefulness of an increased participation of
small and medium sized firms in industrial co-operation projects. ...
PAGE: Projects of common interest [go to this PAGE]
... Noting that the provisions adopted by the Conference
relating to industrial co-operation are also applicable to
projects of common interest, ...
PAGE: 3. Provisions concerning trade and industrial co-operation Harmonization of standards [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing the development of international harmonization
of standards and technical regulations and of international co-
operation in the field of certification as an important means of
eliminating technical obstacles to international trade and
industrial co-operation, thereby facilitating their development
and increasing productivity, ...
PAGE: Arbitration [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that the prompt and equitable settlement of
disputes which may arise from commercial transactions relating to
goods and services and contracts for industrial co-operation
would contribute to expanding and facilitating trade and co-
operation, ...
... recommend, where appropriate, to organizations, enterprises
and firms in their countries, to include arbitration clauses in
commercial contracts and industrial co-operation contracts, or in
special agreements; ...
PAGE: Specific bilateral arrangements [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious of the need to facilitate trade and to promote the
application of new forms of industrial co-operation, ...
... will consider favourably the conclusion, in appropriate
cases, of specific bilateral agreements concerning various
problems of mutual interest in the fields of commercial exchanges
and industrial co-operation, in particular with a view to
avoiding double taxation and to facilitating the transfer of
profits and the return of the value of the assets invested. ...
PAGE: Possibilities for improving co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the wider use of commercial channels and activities for
applied scientific and technological research and for the
transfer of achievements obtained in this field while providing
information on and protection of intellectual and industrial
property rights;
...
PAGE: Fields of co-operation Control of air pollution Water pollution control and fresh water utilization Protection of the marine
environment Land utilization and soils Nature conservation and nature reserves Improvement of environmental conditions in
areas of human settlement Fundamental research, monitoring, forecasting and assessment of environmental changes Legal and
administrative measures [go to this PAGE]
... Desulphurization of fossil fuels and exhaust gases,
pollution control of heavy metals, particles, aerosols, nitrogen
oxides, in particular those emitted by transport, power stations,
and other industrial plants; systems and methods of observation
and control of air pollution and its effects, including long-
range transport of air pollutants; ...
... Prevention and control of water pollution, in particular of
transboundary rivers and international lakes; techniques for the
improvement of the quality of water and further development of
ways and means for industrial and municipal sewage effluent
purification; methods of assessment of fresh water resources and
the improvement of their utilization, in particular by developing
methods of production which are less polluting and lead to less
consumption of fresh water; ...