Law-ref.org Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975
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... During the opening and closing stages of the Conference the participants were addressed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as their guest of honour. The Director-General of UNESCO and the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe addressed the Conference during its second stage. ...
... During the opening and closing stages of the Conference the participants were addressed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as their guest of honour. The Director-General of UNESCO and the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe addressed the Conference during its second stage. ...


PAGE: II. Refraining from the threat or use of force     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States will refrain in their mutual relations, as well as in their international relations in general, from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations and with the present Declaration. No consideration may be invoked to serve to warrant resort to the threat or use of force in contravention of this principle. ...


PAGE: (b) Matters related to giving effect to certain of the above Principles (i) (ii)     [go to this PAGE]
... To take effective measures which by their scope and by their nature constitute steps towards the ultimate achievement of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control. ...


PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament     [go to this PAGE]
... Determined further to refrain in their mutual relations, as well as in their international relations in general, from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations and with the Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States as adopted in this Final Act; ...


PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures     [go to this PAGE]
... Notification will contain information of the designation, if any, the general purpose of and the States involved in the manoeuvre, the type or types and numerical strength of the forces engaged, the area and estimated time-frame of its conduct. The participating States will also, if possible, provide additional relevant information, particularly that related to the components of the forces engaged and the period of involvement of these forces. ...


PAGE: II Questions relating to disarmament     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States recognize the interest of all of them in efforts aimed at lessening military confrontation and promoting disarmament which are designed to complement political détente in Europe and to strengthen their security. They are convinced of the necessity to take effective measures in these fields which by their scope and by their nature constitute steps towards the ultimate achievement of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and which should result in strengthening peace and security throughout the world. ...


PAGE: III General considerations     [go to this PAGE]
... III General considerations ...


PAGE: 1. Commercial Exchanges General provisions     [go to this PAGE]
... General provisions ...


PAGE: Economic and commercial information     [go to this PAGE]
... information allowing forecasts of development of the economy to assist in trade promotion, for example, information on the general orientation of national economic plans and programmes; ...


PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... to improve the quality and the quantity of information relevant to industrial co-operation, in particular the laws and regulations, including those relating to foreign exchange, general orientation of national economic plans and programmes as well as programme priorities and economic conditions of the market; and ...
... recommend further the continued examination - for example within the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - of means of improving the provision of information to those concerned on general conditions of industrial co- operation and guidance on the preparation of contracts in this field; ...


PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... consider it desirable that periodic exchanges of views and information take place on scientific policy, in particular on general problems of orientation and administration of research and the question of a better use of large-scale scientific and experimental equipment on a co-operative basis; ...


PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States declare that problems relating to the protection and improvement of the environment will be solved on both a bilateral and a multilateral, including regional and sub-regional, basis, making full use of existing pattern and forms of co-operation. They will develop co-operation in the field of the environment in particular by taking into consideration the Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, relevant resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Prague sym- posium on environmental problems. ...


PAGE: Follow-up to the Conference     [go to this PAGE]
... The Government of the Republic of Finland is requested to transmit to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the text of this Final Act, which is not eligible for registration under Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, with a view to its circulation to all the members of the Organization as an official document of the United Nations. ...
... The Government of the Republic of Finland is also requested to transmit the text of this Final Act to the Director-General of UNESCO and to the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. ...
... THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Helmut SCHMIDT Federal Chancellor THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Erich HONECKER First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Gerald R. FORD President of the United States of America THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA Bruno KREISKY Federal Chancellor THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM Leo TINDEMANS Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Todor JIVKOV First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bulgaria CANADA Pierre Elliott TRUDEAU Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS His Beatitude Archbishop MAKARIOS III President of the Republic of Cyprus DENMARK Anker JORGENSEN Prime Minister SPAIN Carlos ARIAS NAVARRO Head of the Government THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND Urho KEKKONEN President of the Republic THE FRENCH REPUBLIC Valery GISCARD D'ESTAING President of the French Republic THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND The Rt. Hon. Harold WILSON, O.B.E., M.P., F.R.S. First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC Constantin CARAMANLIS Prime Minister THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Janos KADAR First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party IRELAND Liam COSGRAVE Prime Minister ICELAND Geir HALLGRIMSSON Prime Minister THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC Aldo MORO Prime Minister of the Italian Republic and in his capacity as President in office of the Council of the European Communities THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Walter KIEBER Head of Government THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG Gaston THORN Prime Minister, Minister for Foreign Affairs THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA Dom MINTOFF Prime Minister, Minister for Commonwealth and Foreign Affairs THE PRINCIPALITY OF MONACO Andre SAINT-MLEUX Minister of State, President of the Government Council, Representing H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco NORWAY Trygve BRATTELI Prime Minister THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS J. M. DEN UYL Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND Edward GIEREK First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party PORTUGAL Francisco DA COSTA GOMES President of the Republic THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA Nicolae CEAUSESCU President of the Socialist Republic of Romania SAN MARINO Gian Luigi BERTI Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs THE HOLY SEE Son Excellence Monseigneur Agostino CASAROLI Secretary of the Council for Church Public Affairs SWEDEN Olof PALME Prime Minister THE SWISS CONFEDERATION Pierre GRABER President of the Confederation, Head of the Federal Political Department THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST REPUBLIC Gustav HUSAK Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and President of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY Suleyman DEMIREL Prime Minister THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS L. BREJNEV General-Secretary of the CC of the CPSU THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF JUGOSLAVIA Josip Broz TITO President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Jugoslavia ...
... THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Helmut SCHMIDT Federal Chancellor THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Erich HONECKER First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Gerald R. FORD President of the United States of America THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA Bruno KREISKY Federal Chancellor THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM Leo TINDEMANS Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Todor JIVKOV First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bulgaria CANADA Pierre Elliott TRUDEAU Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS His Beatitude Archbishop MAKARIOS III President of the Republic of Cyprus DENMARK Anker JORGENSEN Prime Minister SPAIN Carlos ARIAS NAVARRO Head of the Government THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND Urho KEKKONEN President of the Republic THE FRENCH REPUBLIC Valery GISCARD D'ESTAING President of the French Republic THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND The Rt. Hon. Harold WILSON, O.B.E., M.P., F.R.S. First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC Constantin CARAMANLIS Prime Minister THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Janos KADAR First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party IRELAND Liam COSGRAVE Prime Minister ICELAND Geir HALLGRIMSSON Prime Minister THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC Aldo MORO Prime Minister of the Italian Republic and in his capacity as President in office of the Council of the European Communities THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Walter KIEBER Head of Government THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG Gaston THORN Prime Minister, Minister for Foreign Affairs THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA Dom MINTOFF Prime Minister, Minister for Commonwealth and Foreign Affairs THE PRINCIPALITY OF MONACO Andre SAINT-MLEUX Minister of State, President of the Government Council, Representing H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco NORWAY Trygve BRATTELI Prime Minister THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS J. M. DEN UYL Prime Minister THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND Edward GIEREK First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party PORTUGAL Francisco DA COSTA GOMES President of the Republic THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA Nicolae CEAUSESCU President of the Socialist Republic of Romania SAN MARINO Gian Luigi BERTI Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs THE HOLY SEE Son Excellence Monseigneur Agostino CASAROLI Secretary of the Council for Church Public Affairs SWEDEN Olof PALME Prime Minister THE SWISS CONFEDERATION Pierre GRABER President of the Confederation, Head of the Federal Political Department THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST REPUBLIC Gustav HUSAK Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and President of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY Suleyman DEMIREL Prime Minister THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS L. BREJNEV General-Secretary of the CC of the CPSU THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF JUGOSLAVIA Josip Broz TITO President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Jugoslavia ...