Law-ref.org Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975
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... During the meetings of the second stage of the Conference, contributions were received, and statements heard, from the following non-participating Mediterranean States on various agenda items: the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Israel, the Kingdom of Morocco, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia. ...
... Motivated by the political will, in the interest of peoples, to improve and intensify their relations and to contribute in Europe to peace, security, justice and co-operation as well as to rapprochement among themselves and with the other States of the world, ...


PAGE: Questions relating to Security in Europe     [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced of the need to exert efforts to make détente both a continuing and an increasingly viable and comprehensive process, universal in scope, and that the implementation of the results of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe will be a major contribution to this process; ...
... Recognizing the close link between peace and security in Europe and in the world as a whole and conscious of the need for each of them to make its contribution to the strengthening of world peace and security and to the promotion of fundamental rights, economic and social progress and well-being for all peoples; ...


PAGE: IX. Co-operation among States     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States will develop their co-operation with one another and with all States in all fields in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. In developing their co-operation the participating States will place special emphasis on the fields as set forth within the framework of the Conference on Security and Co- operation in Europe, with each of them making its contribution in conditions of full equality. ...
... They will endeavour, in developing their co-operation as equals, to promote mutual understanding and confidence, friendly and good-neighbourly relations among themselves, international peace, security and justice. They will equally endeavour, in developing their co-operation, to improve the well-being of peoples and contribute to the fulfilment of their aspirations through, inter alia, the benefits resulting from increased mutual knowledge and from progress and achievement in the economic, scientific, technological, social, cultural and humanitarian fields. They will take steps to promote conditions favourable to making these benefits available to all; they will take into account the interest of all in the narrowing of differences in the levels of economic development, and in particular the interest of developing countries throughout the world. ...


PAGE: X. Fulfilment in good faith of obligations under international law     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States express the conviction that respect for these principles will encourage the development of normal and friendly relations and the progress of co-operation among them in all fields. They also express the conviction that respect for these principles will encourage the development of political contacts among them which in time would contribute to better mutual understanding of their positions and views. ...


PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament     [go to this PAGE]
... Determined to strengthen confidence among them and thus to contribute to increasing stability and security in Europe; ...
... Recognizing the need to contribute to reducing the dangers of armed conflict and of misunderstanding or miscalculation of military activities which could give rise to apprehension, particularly in a situation where the participating States lack clear and timely information about the nature of such activities; ...
... Recognizing that there are other ways in which individual States can contribute further to their common objectives; ...


PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States recognize that they can contribute further to strengthening confidence and increasing security and stability, and to this end may also notify smaller-scale military manoeuvres to other participating States, with special regard for those near the area of such manoeuvres. ...
... In order to make a fuller contribution to their common objective of confidence/building, the participating States, when conducting their military activities in the area covered by the provisions for the prior notification of major military manoeuvres, will duly take into account and respect this objective. ...


PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment     [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that their efforts to develop co-operation in the fields of trade, industry, science and technology, the environment and other areas of economic activity contribute to the reinforcement of peace and security in Europe and in the world as a whole, ...


PAGE: 1. Commercial Exchanges General provisions     [go to this PAGE]
... note that the growth and diversification of trade would contribute to widening the possibilities of choice of products; ...


PAGE: Business contacts and facilities     [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious of the importance of the contribution which an improvement of business contacts, and the accompanying growth of confidence in business relationships, could make to the development of commercial and economic relations, ...


PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... contribute to economic growth as well as to the expansion and diversification of international trade and to a wider utilization of modern technology, ...


PAGE: Projects of common interest     [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that their economic potential and their natural resources permit, through common efforts, long-term co-operation in the implementation, including at the regional or sub-regional level, of major that these may contribute to the speeding-up of the economic development of the countries participating therein, ...


PAGE: Arbitration     [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that the prompt and equitable settlement of disputes which may arise from commercial transactions relating to goods and services and contracts for industrial co-operation would contribute to expanding and facilitating trade and co- operation, ...


PAGE: 4. Science and technology     [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that scientific and technological co-operation constitutes an important contribution to the strengthening of security and co-operation among them, in that it assists the effective solution of problems of common interest and the improvement of the conditions of human life, ...


PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... through their participation in particular international scientific and technological co-operation programmes, including those of UNESCO and other international organizations, pursuit of continuing progress towards the objectives of such programmes, notably those of UNISIST with particular respect to information policy guidance, technical advice, information contributions and data processing. ...


PAGE: 6. Co-operation in other areas Development of transport     [go to this PAGE]
... express the desire for intensification of the work being carried out by existing international organizations in the field of transport, especially that of the Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and express their intention to contribute thereto by their efforts; ...
... consider that examination by the participating States of the possibility of their accession to the different conventions or to membership of international organizations specializing in transport matters, as well as their efforts to implement conventions when ratified, could contribute to the strengthening of their co-operation in this field. ...


PAGE: Promotion of tourism     [go to this PAGE]
... Aware of the contribution made by international tourism to the development of mutual understanding among peoples, to increased knowledge of other countries' achievements in various fields, as well as to economic, social and cultural progress, ...


PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean     [go to this PAGE]
... Believing that the strengthening of security and the intensification of co-operation in Europe would stimulate positive processes in the Mediterranean region, and expressing their intention to contribute towards peace, security and justice in the region, in which ends the participating States and the non-participating Mediterranean States have a common interest, ...
... Noting with appreciation the interest expressed by the non- participating Mediterranean States in the Conference since its inception, and having duly taken their contributions into account, ...
... to contribute to a diversified development of the economies of the non-participating Mediterranean countries, whilst taking due account of their national development objectives, and to cooperate with them, especially in the sectors of industry, science and technology, in their efforts to achieve a better utilization of their resources, thus promoting a more harmonious development of economic relations; ...


PAGE: Co-operation in Humanitarian and Other Fields     [go to this PAGE]
... Desiring to contribute to the strengthening of peace and understanding among peoples and to the spiritual enrichment of the human personality without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, ...
... Conscious that increased cultural and educational exchanges, broader dissemination of information, contacts between people, and the solution of humanitarian problems will contribute to the attainment of these aims, ...


PAGE: 1. Human Contacts     [go to this PAGE]
... Make it their aim to facilitate freer movement and contacts, individually and collectively, whether privately or officially, among persons, institutions and organizations of the participating States, and to contribute to the solution of the humanitarian problems that arise in that connexion, ...


PAGE: (e) Improvement of Conditions for Tourism on an Individual or Collective Basis     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States consider that tourism contributes to a fuller knowledge of the life, culture and history of other countries, to the growth of understanding among peoples, to the improvement of contacts and to the broader use of leisure. They intend to promote the development of tourism, on an individual or collective basis, and, in particular, they intend: ...


PAGE: 2. Information     [go to this PAGE]
... Acknowledging the contribution of this process to the growth of confidence between peoples, ...


PAGE: (ii) Printed Information     [go to this PAGE]
... To contribute to the improvement of access by the public to periodical and non-periodical printed publications imported on the bases indicated above. In particular: ...


PAGE: 3. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Culture     [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that cultural exchanges and co-operation contribute to a better comprehension among people and among peoples, and thus promote a lasting understanding among States, ...
... Convinced that such a development of their mutual relations will contribute to the enrichment of the respective cultures, while respecting the originality of each, as well as to the reinforcement among them of a consciousness of common values, while continuing to develop cultural co-operation with other countries of the world, ...


PAGE: Exchanges and Dissemination     [go to this PAGE]
... To contribute to the improvement of facilities for exchanges and the dissemination of cultural property, by appropriate means, in particular by: ...


PAGE: Access     [go to this PAGE]
... to contribute by appropriate means to the wider use of the mass media in order to improve mutual acquaintance with the cultural life of each; ...


PAGE: Contacts and Co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... To contribute, by appropriate means, to the development of contacts and co-operation in the various fields of culture, especially among creative artists and people engaged in cultural activities, in particular by making efforts to: ...
... encourage, where necessary through appropriate arrangements, exchanges of trainee and specialists and the granting of scholarships for basic and advanced training in various fields of culture such as the arts and architecture, museums and libraries, literary studies and translation, and contribute to the creation of favourable conditions of reception in their respective institutions; ...


PAGE: Fields and Forms of Co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... National minorities or regional cultures. The participating States, recognizing the contribution that national minorities or regional cultures can make to co-operation among them in various fields of culture, intend, when such minorities or cultures exist within their territory, to facilitate this contribution, taking into account the legitimate interests of their members. ...
... National minorities or regional cultures. The participating States, recognizing the contribution that national minorities or regional cultures can make to co-operation among them in various fields of culture, intend, when such minorities or cultures exist within their territory, to facilitate this contribution, taking into account the legitimate interests of their members. ...


PAGE: 4. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Education     [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious that the development of relations of an international character in the fields of education and science contributes to a better mutual understanding and is to the advantage of all peoples as well as to the benefit of future generations, ...


PAGE: (c) Science     [go to this PAGE]
... To develop in the field of scientific research, on a bilateral or multilateral basis, the co-ordination of programmes carried out in the participating States and the organization of joint programmes, especially in the areas mentioned below, which may involve the combined efforts of scientists and in certain cases the use of costly or unique equipment. The list of subjects in these areas is illustrative; and specific projects would have to be determined subsequently by the potential partners in the participating States, taking account of the contribution which could be made by appropriate international organizations and scientific institutions: ...


PAGE: (e) Teaching Methods     [go to this PAGE]
... National minorities or regional cultures. The participating States, recognizing the contribution that national minorities or regional cultures can make to co-operation among them in various fields of education, intend, when such minorities or cultures exist within their territory, to facilitate this contribution, taking into account the legitimate interests of their members. ...
... National minorities or regional cultures. The participating States, recognizing the contribution that national minorities or regional cultures can make to co-operation among them in various fields of education, intend, when such minorities or cultures exist within their territory, to facilitate this contribution, taking into account the legitimate interests of their members. ...


PAGE: Follow-up to the Conference     [go to this PAGE]
... Considering further that, within the broader context of the world, the Conference is an important part of the process of improving security and developing co-operation in Europe and that its results will contribute significantly to this process, ...