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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: Questions relating to Security in Europe [go to this PAGE]
... Reaffirming their objective of promoting better relations
among themselves and ensuring conditions in which their people
can live in true and lasting peace free from any threat to or
attempt against their security; ...
PAGE: IX. Co-operation among States [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States will develop their co-operation
with one another and with all States in all fields in accordance
with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United
Nations. In developing their co-operation the participating
States will place special emphasis on the fields as set forth
within the framework of the Conference on Security and Co-
operation in Europe, with each of them making its contribution in
conditions of full equality. ...
... They will endeavour, in developing their co-operation as
equals, to promote mutual understanding and confidence, friendly
and good-neighbourly relations among themselves, international
peace, security and justice. They will equally endeavour, in
developing their co-operation, to improve the well-being of
peoples and contribute to the fulfilment of their aspirations
through, inter alia, the benefits resulting from increased mutual
knowledge and from progress and achievement in the economic,
scientific, technological, social, cultural and humanitarian
fields. They will take steps to promote conditions favourable to
making these benefits available to all; they will take into
account the interest of all in the narrowing of differences in
the levels of economic development, and in particular the
interest of developing countries throughout the world. ...
PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers
Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures [go to this PAGE]
... The inviting State will determine in each case the number of
observers, the procedures and conditions of their participation,
and give other information which it may consider useful. It will
provide appropriate facilities and hospitality. ...
PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing that co-operation in these fields would promote
economic and social progress and the improvement of the
conditions of life, ...
PAGE: 1. Commercial Exchanges General provisions [go to this PAGE]
... are resolved to promote, on the basis of the modalities of
their economic co-operation, the expansion of their mutual trade
in goods and services, and to ensure conditions favourable to
such development; ...
... consider it appropriate to create favourable conditions for
the participation of firms, organizations and enterprises in the
development of trade. ...
PAGE: Business contacts and facilities [go to this PAGE]
... will take measures further to improve conditions for the
expansion of contacts between representatives of official bodies,
of the different organizations, enterprises, firms and banks
concerned with foreign trade, in particular, where useful,
between sellers and users of products and services, for the
purpose of studying commercial possibilities, concluding
contracts, ensuring their implementation and providing after-
sales services; ...
... will further take measures aimed at improving working
conditions of representatives of foreign organizations,
enterprises, firms and banks concerned with external trade,
particularly as follows: ...
... by encouraging the provision, on conditions as favourable as
possible and equal for all representatives of the above/mentioned
bodies, of hotel accommodation, means of communication, and of
other facilities normally required by them, as well as of
suitable business and residential premises for purposes of
permanent representation;
...
PAGE: Marketing [go to this PAGE]
... will encourage the improvement of conditions for the
implementation of measures to promote trade and to satisfy the
needs of users in respect of imported products, in particular
through market research and advertising measures as well as,
where useful, the establishment of supply facilities, the
furnishing of spare parts, the functioning of after sales
services, and the training of the necessary local technical
personnel; ...
PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... express their willingness to promote measures designed to
create favourable conditions for industrial co-operation; ...
... recognize that industrial co-operation covers a number of
forms of economic relations going beyond the framework of
conventional trade, and that in concluding contracts on
industrial co-operation the partners will determine jointly the
appropriate forms and conditions of co-operation, taking into
account their mutual interests and capabilities; ...
... to improve the quality and the quantity of information
relevant to industrial co-operation, in particular the laws and
regulations, including those relating to foreign exchange,
general orientation of national economic plans and programmes as
well as programme priorities and economic conditions of the
market; and
...
... note that the provisions adopted by the Conference relating
to business contacts in the economic and commercial fields also
apply to foreign organizations, enterprises and firms engaged in
industrial co-operation, taking into account the specific
conditions of this co-operation, and will endeavour to ensure, in
particular, the existence of appropriate working conditions for
personnel engaged in the implementation of co-operation projects; ...
... note that the provisions adopted by the Conference relating
to business contacts in the economic and commercial fields also
apply to foreign organizations, enterprises and firms engaged in
industrial co-operation, taking into account the specific
conditions of this co-operation, and will endeavour to ensure, in
particular, the existence of appropriate working conditions for
personnel engaged in the implementation of co-operation projects; ...
... recommend further the continued examination - for example
within the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe - of means of improving the provision of information
to those concerned on general conditions of industrial co-
operation and guidance on the preparation of contracts in this
field; ...
... consider it desirable to further improve conditions for the
implementation of industrial co-operation projects, in particular
with respect to: ...
PAGE: Projects of common interest [go to this PAGE]
... recommend that the States interested in projects of common
interest should consider under what conditions it would be
possible to establish them, and if they so desire, create the
necessary conditions for their actual implementation. ...
... recommend that the States interested in projects of common
interest should consider under what conditions it would be
possible to establish them, and if they so desire, create the
necessary conditions for their actual implementation. ...
PAGE: 4. Science and technology [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that scientific and technological co-operation
constitutes an important contribution to the strengthening of
security and co-operation among them, in that it assists the
effective solution of problems of common interest and the
improvement of the conditions of human life, ...
PAGE: Fields of co-operation Agriculture Energy New technologies, rational use of resources Transport technology Physics Chemistry
Meteorology and hydrology Oceanography Seismological research Research on glaciology, permafrost and problems of life under
conditions of cold Computer, communication and information technologies Space research Medicine and public health Environmental
research [go to this PAGE]
... Research on glaciology and permafrost; transportation and
construction technologies; human adaptation to climatic extremes
and changes in the living conditions of indigenous populations; ...
PAGE: Fields of co-operation Control of air pollution Water pollution control and fresh water utilization Protection of the marine
environment Land utilization and soils Nature conservation and nature reserves Improvement of environmental conditions in
areas of human settlement Fundamental research, monitoring, forecasting and assessment of environmental changes Legal and
administrative measures [go to this PAGE]
... Environmental conditions associated with transport, housing,
working areas, urban development and planning, water supply and
sewage disposal systems; assessment of harmful effects of noise,
and noise control methods; collection, treatment and utilization
of wastes, including the recovery and recycling of materials;
research on substitutes for non-biodegradable substances; ...
PAGE: 6. Co-operation in other areas Development of transport [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that the improvement of the conditions of
transport constitutes one of the factors essential to the
development of co-operation among them, ...
PAGE: Economic and social aspects of migrant labour [go to this PAGE]
... to ensure, through collaboration between the host country
and the country of origin, the conditions under which the orderly
movement of workers might take place, while at the same time
protecting their personal and social welfare and, if appropriate,
to organize the recruitment of migrant workers and the provision
of elementary language and vocational training; ...
... to ensure equality of rights between migrant workers and
nationals of the host countries with regard to conditions of
employment and work and to social security, and to endeavour to
ensure that migrant workers may enjoy satisfactory living
conditions, especially housing conditions; ...
... to ensure equality of rights between migrant workers and
nationals of the host countries with regard to conditions of
employment and work and to social security, and to endeavour to
ensure that migrant workers may enjoy satisfactory living
conditions, especially housing conditions; ...
... to ensure equality of rights between migrant workers and
nationals of the host countries with regard to conditions of
employment and work and to social security, and to endeavour to
ensure that migrant workers may enjoy satisfactory living
conditions, especially housing conditions; ...
... to ensure that the children of migrant workers established
in the host country have access to the education usually given
there, under the same conditions as the children of that country
and, furthermore, to permit them to receive supplementary
education in their own language, national culture, history and
geography; ...
PAGE: Training of personnel [go to this PAGE]
... consider that it is desirable to develop, under mutually
acceptable conditions, exchanges of professional staff and
technicians, particularly through training activities, of which
it would be left to the competent and interested bodies in the
participating States to discuss the modalities - duration,
financing, education and qualification levels of potential
participants; ...
PAGE: Co-operation in Humanitarian and Other Fields [go to this PAGE]
... Determined therefore to co-operate among themselves,
irrespective of their political, economic and social systems, in
order to create better conditions in the above fields, to develop
and strengthen existing forms of co-operation and to work out new
ways and means appropriate to these aims, ...
PAGE: 1. Human Contacts [go to this PAGE]
... Affirming, in relation to their present effort to improve
conditions in this area, the importance they attach to
humanitarian considerations, ...
... And conscious that the questions relevant hereto must be
settled by the States concerned under mutually acceptable
conditions, ...
PAGE: (e) Improvement of Conditions for Tourism on an Individual or Collective Basis [go to this PAGE]
PAGE: 2. Information [go to this PAGE]
... Make it their aim to facilitate the freer and wider
dissemination of information of all kinds, to encourage co-
operation in the field of information and the exchange of
information with other countries, and to improve the conditions
under which journalists from one participating State exercise
their profession in another participating State, and ...
PAGE: (ii) Printed Information [go to this PAGE]
... they will encourage their competent firms and organizations
to conclude agreements and contracts designed gradually to
increase the quantities and the number of titles of newspapers
and publications imported from the other participating States.
These agreements and contracts should in particular mention the
speediest conditions of delivery and the use of the normal
channels existing in each country for the distribution of its own
publications and newspapers, as well as forms and means of
payment agreed between the parties making it possible to achieve
the objectives aimed at by these agreements and contracts;
...
PAGE: (c) Improvement of Working Conditions for Journalists [go to this PAGE]
... (c) Improvement of Working Conditions for Journalists ...
... The participating States, desiring to improve the conditions
under which journalists from one participating State exercise
their profession in another participating State, intend in
particular to: ...
PAGE: Access [go to this PAGE]
... to seek to develop the necessary conditions for migrant
workers and their families to preserve their links with their
national culture, and also to adapt themselves to their new
cultural environment;
...
... to encourage a joint study by interested bodies, where
appropriate with the assistance of the competent international
organizations, of the expediency and the conditions for the
establishment of a repertory of their recorded television
programmes of a cultural nature, as well as of the means of
viewing them rapidly in order to facilitate their selection and
possible acquisition.
...
PAGE: Contacts and Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... encourage, where necessary through appropriate arrangements,
exchanges of trainee and specialists and the granting of
scholarships for basic and advanced training in various fields of
culture such as the arts and architecture, museums and libraries,
literary studies and translation, and contribute to the creation
of favourable conditions of reception in their respective
institutions;
...
PAGE: Fields and Forms of Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the co-production and the exchange of films and of radio and
television programmes, by promoting, in particular, meetings
among producers, technicians and representatives of the
public authorities with a view to working out favourable
conditions for the execution of specific joint projects and
by encouraging, in the field of co-production, the
establishment of international filming teams;
...
PAGE: (b) Access and Exchanges [go to this PAGE]
... To improve access, under mutually acceptable conditions, for
students, teachers and scholars of the participating States to
each other's educational, cultural and scientific institutions,
and to intensify exchanges among these institutions in all areas
of common interest, in particular by: ...
... increasing the exchange of information on facilities for
study and courses open to foreign participants, as well as on the
conditions under which they will be admitted and received;
...