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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: VI. Non-intervention in internal affairs [go to this PAGE]
... Accordingly, they will, inter alia, refrain from direct or
indirect assistance to terrorist activities, or to subversive or
other activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the
regime of another participating State. ...
... Accordingly, they will, inter alia, refrain from direct or
indirect assistance to terrorist activities, or to subversive or
other activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the
regime of another participating State. ...
PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing the need to contribute to reducing the dangers
of armed conflict and of misunderstanding or miscalculation of
military activities which could give rise to apprehension,
particularly in a situation where the participating States lack
clear and timely information about the nature of such activities; ...
... Recognizing the need to contribute to reducing the dangers
of armed conflict and of misunderstanding or miscalculation of
military activities which could give rise to apprehension,
particularly in a situation where the participating States lack
clear and timely information about the nature of such activities; ...
PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers
Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures [go to this PAGE]
... In order to make a fuller contribution to their common
objective of confidence/building, the participating States, when
conducting their military activities in the area covered by the
provisions for the prior notification of major military
manoeuvres, will duly take into account and respect this
objective. ...
PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that their efforts to develop co-operation in the
fields of trade, industry, science and technology, the
environment and other areas of economic activity contribute to
the reinforcement of peace and security in Europe and in the
world as a whole, ...
PAGE: 3. Provisions concerning trade and industrial co-operation Harmonization of standards [go to this PAGE]
... consider it desirable to increase international co-operation
on standardization, in particular by supporting the activities of
intergovernmental and other appropriate organizations in this
field. ...
PAGE: Possibilities for improving co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the wider use of commercial channels and activities for
applied scientific and technological research and for the
transfer of achievements obtained in this field while providing
information on and protection of intellectual and industrial
property rights;
...
PAGE: 5. Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Acknowledging that each of the participating States, in
accordance with the principles of international law, ought to
ensure, in a spirit of co-operation, that activities carried out
on its territory do not cause degradation of the environment in
another State or in areas lying beyond the limits of national
jurisdiction, ...
PAGE: Fields of co-operation Control of air pollution Water pollution control and fresh water utilization Protection of the marine
environment Land utilization and soils Nature conservation and nature reserves Improvement of environmental conditions in
areas of human settlement Fundamental research, monitoring, forecasting and assessment of environmental changes Legal and
administrative measures [go to this PAGE]
... Study of changes in climate, landscapes and ecological
balances under the impact of both natural factors and human
activities; forecasting of possible genetic changes in flora and
fauna as a result of environmental pollution; harmonization of
statistical data, development of scientific concepts and systems
of monitoring networks, standardized methods of observation,
measurement and assessment of changes in the biosphere;
assessment of the effects of environmental pollution levels and
degradation of the environment upon human health; study and
development of criteria and standards for various environmental
pollutants and regulation regarding production and use of various
products; ...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... exchanges of scientific and technical information,
documentation and research results, including information on the
means of determining the possible effects on the environment of
technical and economic activities;
...
... promoting the progressive development, codification and
implementation of international law as one means of preserving
and enhancing the human environment, including principles and
practices, as accepted by them, relating to pollution and other
environmental damage caused by activities within the jurisdiction
or control of their States affecting other countries and regions;
...
... to advocate that within the framework of the United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe a study be carried out of
procedures and relevant experience relating to the activities of
Governments in developing the capabilities of their countries to
predict adequately environmental consequences of economic
activities and technological development.
...
... to advocate that within the framework of the United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe a study be carried out of
procedures and relevant experience relating to the activities of
Governments in developing the capabilities of their countries to
predict adequately environmental consequences of economic
activities and technological development.
...
PAGE: Promotion of tourism [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing the interrelationship between the development of
tourism and measures taken in other areas of economic activity, ...
... facilitating the activities of foreign travel agencies and
passenger transport companies in the promotion of international
tourism;
...
... a comparative study on the status and activities of travel
agencies as well as on ways and means of achieving better co-
operation among them;
...
PAGE: Economic and social aspects of migrant labour [go to this PAGE]
... Taking due account of the activities of the competent
international organizations, more particularly the International
Labour Organisation, in this area, ...
PAGE: Training of personnel [go to this PAGE]
... declare themselves willing to encourage co-operation in this
field notably by promoting exchange of information on the subject
of institutions, programmes and methods of training and advanced
training open to professional staff and technicians in the
various sectors of economic activity and especially in those of
management, public planning, agriculture and commercial and
banking techniques; ...
... consider that it is desirable to develop, under mutually
acceptable conditions, exchanges of professional staff and
technicians, particularly through training activities, of which
it would be left to the competent and interested bodies in the
participating States to discuss the modalities - duration,
financing, education and qualification levels of potential
participants; ...
PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean [go to this PAGE]
... to encourage with the non-participating Mediterranean States
the development of mutually beneficial co-operation in the
various fields of economic activity, especially by expanding
commercial exchanges, on the basis of a common awareness of the
necessity for stability and progress in trade relations, of their
mutual economic interests, and of differences in the levels of
economic development, thereby promoting their economic
advancement and well-being;
...
PAGE: (d) Travel for Personal or Professional Reasons [go to this PAGE]
... They confirm that religious faiths, institutions and
organizations, practising within the constitutional framework of
the participating States, and their representatives can, in the
field of their activities, have contacts and meetings among
themselves and exchange information. ...
PAGE: (c) Improvement of Working Conditions for Journalists [go to this PAGE]
... enable journalists of the other participating States,
whether permanently or temporarily accredited, to transmit
completely, normally and rapidly by means recognized by the
participating States to the information organs which they
represent, the results of their professional activity, including
tape recordings and undeveloped film, for the purpose of
publication or of broadcasting on the radio or television.
...
... The participating States reaffirm that the legitimate
pursuit of their professional activity will neither render
journalists liable to expulsion nor otherwise penalize them. If
an accredited journalist is expelled, he will be informed of the
reasons for this act and may submit an application for re-
examination of his case. ...
PAGE: Extension of Relations [go to this PAGE]
... concluding, where appropriate, agreements on a bilateral or
multilateral basis, providing for the extension of relations
among competent State institutions and non-governmental
organizations in the field of culture, as well as among people
engaged in cultural activities, taking into account the need both
for flexibility and the fullest possible use of existing
agreements, and bearing in mind that agreements and also other
arrangements constitute important means of developing cultural
co-operation and exchanges;
...
... encouraging direct contacts and communications among persons
engaged in cultural activities, including, where necessary, such
contacts and communications carried out on the basis of special
agreements and arrangements.
...
PAGE: Exchanges and Dissemination [go to this PAGE]
... encouraging meetings among representatives of competent
organizations and relevant firms to examine measures within their
field of activity - such as the simplification of orders, time
limits for sending supplies and modalities of payment - which
might facilitate international commercial exchanges of books;
...
PAGE: Access [go to this PAGE]
... promoting, on a wider scale, the translation of works in the
sphere of literature and other fields of cultural activity,
produced in the languages of the other participating States,
especially from the less widely-spoken languages, and the
publication and dissemination of the translated works by
such measures as:
- encouraging more regular contacts between interested publishing houses;
- developing their efforts in the basic and advanced training of translators;
- encouraging, by appropriate means, the publishing houses of their countries to publish translations;
- facilitating the exchange between publishers and interested institutions of lists of books which might be translated;
- promoting between their countries the professional activity and co-operation of translators;
- carrying out joint studies on ways of further promoting translations and their dissemination;
... promoting between their countries the professional
activity and co-operation of translators;
...
PAGE: Contacts and Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... To contribute, by appropriate means, to the development of
contacts and co-operation in the various fields of culture,
especially among creative artists and people engaged in cultural
activities, in particular by making efforts to: ...
... encourage in this way contacts among creative and performing
artists and artistic groups with a view to their working
together, making known their works in other participating States
or exchanging views on topics relevant to their common activity;
...
... encourage the exchange of experience in the training of
organizers of cultural activities as well as of teachers and
specialists in fields such as theatre, opera, ballet, music and
fine arts;
...
PAGE: (a) Extension of Relations [go to this PAGE]
... concluding, where appropriate, bilateral or multilateral
agreements providing for co-operation and exchanges among State
institutions, non-governmental bodies and persons engaged in
activities in education and science, bearing in mind the need
both for flexibility and the fuller use of existing agreements
and arrangements;
...
PAGE: (d) Foreign Languages and Civilizations [go to this PAGE]
... to encourage the association, where appropriate, of the
teaching of foreign languages with the study of the corresponding
civilizations and also to make further efforts to stimulate
interest in the study of foreign languages, including relevant
out-of-class activities.
...